This reaction produces a highly energetic plasma, called electro-plasma, which is channeled by magnetic conduits through the electro-plasma system ( EPS). Modern Federation warp engines are fueled by the reaction of deuterium and anti-deuterium, mediated through an assembly of dilithium crystals, which are nonreactive with antimatter when subjected to high-frequency electromagnetic fields. ( TOS novelization: Star Trek: The Motion Picture, TOS novel: Ex Machina) The images of those stars wrapped around continuously, and distorted to viewers. ( ST novel: Captain's Blood) This results in a "rainbow" effect of visible light with stars streaking in all directions. Since spacetime itself is moving and the starship is not actually accelerating, it experiences no time dilation, allowing the passage of time inside the vessel to be the same as that outside the warp bubble. Travel at velocities exceeding the speed of light is possible in this fashion because the starship is, strictly speaking, stationary (relative to the space inside the warp bubble) while spacetime itself is moving. This warped space, together with the region inside it, accelerates off at " warp speed" and the vessel then essentially "surfs" the wave in space-time created by this distortion. The starship itself rests in a warp bubble between the two spacetime distortions.
Specifically, spacetime is contracted in front of the ship and expanded behind it. Simply put, the drive "warps" space, both in front of and behind a starship, allowing it travel faster than the speed of light. Warp drive works by distorting the fabric of space to propel the vessel. 4.1.1 Earth and Federation warp drive types.
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